perf: rate-limit connect/disconnect events in collector to spare ingester

Connection-lifecycle events (connect, disconnect, accept, close) fire once
per TCP connection. During a portscan or credential-stuffing run this
firehoses the SQLite ingester with tiny WAL writes and starves all reads
until the queue drains.

The collector now deduplicates these events by
(attacker_ip, decky, service, event_type) over a 1-second window before
writing to the .json ingestion stream. The raw .log file is untouched, so
rsyslog/SIEM still see every event for forensic fidelity.

Tunable via DECNET_COLLECTOR_RL_WINDOW_SEC and DECNET_COLLECTOR_RL_EVENT_TYPES.

decnet/collector/worker.py

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ The ingester tails the .json file; rsyslog can consume the .log file independent
 
 import asyncio
 import json
+import os
 import re
+import threading
+import time
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Optional
@@ -17,6 +20,87 @@ from decnet.logging import get_logger
 
 logger = get_logger("collector")
 
+# ─── Ingestion rate limiter ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+#
+# Rationale: connection-lifecycle events (connect/disconnect/accept/close) are
+# emitted once per TCP connection. During a portscan or credential-stuffing
+# run, a single attacker can generate hundreds of these per second from the
+# honeypot services themselves — each becoming a tiny WAL-write transaction
+# through the ingester, starving reads until the queue drains.
+#
+# The collector still writes every line to the raw .log file (forensic record
+# for rsyslog/SIEM). Only the .json path — which feeds SQLite — is deduped.
+#
+# Dedup key: (attacker_ip, decky, service, event_type)
+# Window:    DECNET_COLLECTOR_RL_WINDOW_SEC seconds (default 1.0)
+# Scope:     DECNET_COLLECTOR_RL_EVENT_TYPES comma list
+#            (default: connect,disconnect,connection,accept,close)
+# Events outside that set bypass the limiter untouched.
+
+def _parse_float_env(name: str, default: float) -> float:
+    raw = os.environ.get(name)
+    if raw is None:
+        return default
+    try:
+        value = float(raw)
+    except ValueError:
+        logger.warning("collector: invalid %s=%r, using default %s", name, raw, default)
+        return default
+    return max(0.0, value)
+
+
+_RL_WINDOW_SEC: float = _parse_float_env("DECNET_COLLECTOR_RL_WINDOW_SEC", 1.0)
+_RL_EVENT_TYPES: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
+    t.strip()
+    for t in os.environ.get(
+        "DECNET_COLLECTOR_RL_EVENT_TYPES",
+        "connect,disconnect,connection,accept,close",
+    ).split(",")
+    if t.strip()
+)
+_RL_MAX_ENTRIES: int = 10_000
+
+_rl_lock: threading.Lock = threading.Lock()
+_rl_last: dict[tuple[str, str, str, str], float] = {}
+
+
+def _should_ingest(parsed: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if this parsed event should be written to the JSON ingestion
+    stream. Rate-limited connection-lifecycle events return False when another
+    event with the same (attacker_ip, decky, service, event_type) was emitted
+    inside the dedup window.
+    """
+    event_type = parsed.get("event_type", "")
+    if _RL_WINDOW_SEC <= 0.0 or event_type not in _RL_EVENT_TYPES:
+        return True
+    key = (
+        parsed.get("attacker_ip", "Unknown"),
+        parsed.get("decky", ""),
+        parsed.get("service", ""),
+        event_type,
+    )
+    now = time.monotonic()
+    with _rl_lock:
+        last = _rl_last.get(key, 0.0)
+        if now - last < _RL_WINDOW_SEC:
+            return False
+        _rl_last[key] = now
+        # Opportunistic GC: when the map grows past the cap, drop entries older
+        # than 60 windows (well outside any realistic in-flight dedup range).
+        if len(_rl_last) > _RL_MAX_ENTRIES:
+            cutoff = now - (_RL_WINDOW_SEC * 60.0)
+            stale = [k for k, t in _rl_last.items() if t < cutoff]
+            for k in stale:
+                del _rl_last[k]
+    return True
+
+
+def _reset_rate_limiter() -> None:
+    """Test-only helper — clear dedup state between test cases."""
+    with _rl_lock:
+        _rl_last.clear()
+
 # ─── RFC 5424 parser ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 _RFC5424_RE = re.compile(
@@ -140,9 +224,16 @@ def _stream_container(container_id: str, log_path: Path, json_path: Path) -> Non
                     lf.flush()
                     parsed = parse_rfc5424(line)
                     if parsed:
+                        if _should_ingest(parsed):
                             logger.debug("collector: event written decky=%s type=%s", parsed.get("decky"), parsed.get("event_type"))
                             jf.write(json.dumps(parsed) + "\n")
                             jf.flush()
+                        else:
+                            logger.debug(
+                                "collector: rate-limited decky=%s service=%s type=%s attacker=%s",
+                                parsed.get("decky"), parsed.get("service"),
+                                parsed.get("event_type"), parsed.get("attacker_ip"),
+                            )
                     else:
                         logger.debug("collector: malformed RFC5424 line snippet=%r", line[:80])
     except Exception as exc:

tests/test_collector.py

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ from decnet.collector import parse_rfc5424, is_service_container, is_service_eve
 from decnet.collector.worker import (
     _stream_container,
     _load_service_container_names,
-    log_collector_worker
+    _should_ingest,
+    _reset_rate_limiter,
+    log_collector_worker,
 )
 
 _KNOWN_NAMES = {"omega-decky-http", "omega-decky-smtp", "relay-decky-ftp"}
@@ -287,6 +289,106 @@ class TestStreamContainer:
         assert log_path.read_text() == ""
 
 
+class TestIngestRateLimiter:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        _reset_rate_limiter()
+
+    def _event(self, event_type="connect", attacker_ip="1.2.3.4",
+               decky="decky-01", service="ssh"):
+        return {
+            "event_type": event_type,
+            "attacker_ip": attacker_ip,
+            "decky": decky,
+            "service": service,
+        }
+
+    def test_non_limited_event_types_always_pass(self):
+        # login_attempt / request / etc. carry distinguishing payload — never deduped.
+        for _ in range(5):
+            assert _should_ingest(self._event(event_type="login_attempt")) is True
+            assert _should_ingest(self._event(event_type="request")) is True
+
+    def test_first_connect_passes(self):
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event()) is True
+
+    def test_duplicate_connect_within_window_is_dropped(self):
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event()) is True
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event()) is False
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event()) is False
+
+    def test_different_attackers_tracked_independently(self):
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(attacker_ip="1.1.1.1")) is True
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(attacker_ip="2.2.2.2")) is True
+
+    def test_different_deckies_tracked_independently(self):
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(decky="a")) is True
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(decky="b")) is True
+
+    def test_different_services_tracked_independently(self):
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(service="ssh")) is True
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(service="http")) is True
+
+    def test_disconnect_and_connect_tracked_independently(self):
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(event_type="connect")) is True
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(event_type="disconnect")) is True
+
+    def test_window_expiry_allows_next_event(self, monkeypatch):
+        import decnet.collector.worker as worker
+        t = [1000.0]
+        monkeypatch.setattr(worker.time, "monotonic", lambda: t[0])
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event()) is True
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event()) is False
+        # Advance past 1-second window.
+        t[0] += 1.5
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event()) is True
+
+    def test_window_zero_disables_limiter(self, monkeypatch):
+        import decnet.collector.worker as worker
+        monkeypatch.setattr(worker, "_RL_WINDOW_SEC", 0.0)
+        for _ in range(10):
+            assert _should_ingest(self._event()) is True
+
+    def test_raw_log_gets_all_lines_json_dedupes(self, tmp_path):
+        """End-to-end: duplicates hit the .log file but NOT the .json stream."""
+        log_path = tmp_path / "test.log"
+        json_path = tmp_path / "test.json"
+        line = (
+            '<134>1 2024-01-15T12:00:00+00:00 decky-01 ssh - connect '
+            '[decnet@55555 src_ip="1.2.3.4"]\n'
+        )
+        payload = (line * 5).encode("utf-8")
+
+        mock_container = MagicMock()
+        mock_container.logs.return_value = [payload]
+        mock_client = MagicMock()
+        mock_client.containers.get.return_value = mock_container
+
+        with patch("docker.from_env", return_value=mock_client):
+            _stream_container("test-id", log_path, json_path)
+
+        # Raw log: all 5 lines preserved (forensic fidelity).
+        assert log_path.read_text().count("\n") == 5
+        # JSON ingest: only the first one written (4 dropped by the limiter).
+        json_lines = [l for l in json_path.read_text().splitlines() if l.strip()]
+        assert len(json_lines) == 1
+
+    def test_gc_trims_oversized_map(self, monkeypatch):
+        import decnet.collector.worker as worker
+        # Seed the map with stale entries, then push past the cap.
+        monkeypatch.setattr(worker, "_RL_MAX_ENTRIES", 10)
+        t = [1000.0]
+        monkeypatch.setattr(worker.time, "monotonic", lambda: t[0])
+        for i in range(9):
+            assert _should_ingest(self._event(attacker_ip=f"10.0.0.{i}")) is True
+        # Jump well past 60 windows to make prior entries stale.
+        t[0] += 1000.0
+        # This insertion pushes len to 10; GC triggers on >10 so stays.
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(attacker_ip="10.0.0.99")) is True
+        assert _should_ingest(self._event(attacker_ip="10.0.0.100")) is True
+        # After the map exceeds the cap, stale entries must be purged.
+        assert len(worker._rl_last) < 10
+
+
 class TestLogCollectorWorker:
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_worker_initial_discovery(self, tmp_path):