docs: per-package READMEs with full primitive catalog and registry notes backfill
- core/README.md: envelope contract, field table, PII discipline, quickstart - BEHAVE-SHELL/README.md: all 76 primitives documented across 9 categories; TLS/SSH/C2 fingerprint sections with [DRAFT — verify] markers on uncertain entries - BEHAVE-TEXT/README.md: all 35 primitives across 6 categories; Rutify calibration notes inline; content.* layer marked EXPERIMENTAL throughout - primitives.py (SHELL): backfilled notes for all previously undocumented primitives - primitives.py (TEXT): backfilled notes for capitalization_habit, emoji_*, length, linebreak_style, sentence_complexity_class, question_formation_style, imperative_style, response_latency_class, message_burst_rate License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 (prose) / GPL-3.0-or-later (code)
This commit is contained in:
296
BEHAVE-SHELL/README.md
Normal file
296
BEHAVE-SHELL/README.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
|
||||
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0 -->
|
||||
# behave-shell
|
||||
|
||||
[← repo](../README.md)
|
||||
|
||||
Shell-session behavioral observation registry. Defines what can be observed
|
||||
about an operator through their terminal interaction — typing mechanics, cognitive
|
||||
style, operational patterns, infrastructure fingerprints, and cultural timing signals.
|
||||
|
||||
BEHAVE-SHELL does not read command content. It measures *how* someone operates a
|
||||
terminal, not *what* they type. The observations are categorical labels, numeric
|
||||
aggregates, and cryptographic hashes — never raw keystrokes or command text.
|
||||
|
||||
## Install
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pip install -e ../core/ -e .
|
||||
# development (pytest + ruff):
|
||||
pip install -e ../core/ -e ".[dev]"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Quickstart
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
from behave_shell.spec import Observation, Window, TOPIC_PREFIX, event_topic_for
|
||||
|
||||
obs = Observation(
|
||||
primitive="motor.keystroke_cadence",
|
||||
value="bursty",
|
||||
confidence=0.87,
|
||||
window=Window(start_ts=1714000000.0, end_ts=1714003600.0),
|
||||
source="behave/shell-sensor/timing.py",
|
||||
)
|
||||
# Serialize to an event bus topic + payload:
|
||||
topic = event_topic_for("motor.keystroke_cadence")
|
||||
# → "attacker.observation.shell.motor.keystroke_cadence"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Public API (`behave_shell.spec`)
|
||||
|
||||
| Symbol | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|
|
||||
| `Observation` | Registry-aware subclass of `behave_core.spec.Observation`. Validates `primitive` against `PRIMITIVE_REGISTRY` and `value` against the primitive's type spec. |
|
||||
| `Window` | Re-exported from `behave_core` — measurement time window. |
|
||||
| `ObservationValue` | Re-exported union type for valid value shapes. |
|
||||
| `PRIMITIVE_REGISTRY` | `dict[str, ValueTypeSpec]` — the full primitive catalog (76 entries). |
|
||||
| `ValueKind` | Enum: `CATEGORICAL`, `NUMERIC`, `HASH`, `ARRAY`, `FREE_STRING`, `BOOL`. |
|
||||
| `ValueTypeSpec` | Pydantic model holding a primitive's kind, allowed values, bounds, and notes. |
|
||||
| `is_known(primitive)` | `bool` — whether a primitive path is registered. |
|
||||
| `get(primitive)` | Returns the `ValueTypeSpec` for a primitive; raises `KeyError` if unknown. |
|
||||
| `TOPIC_PREFIX` | `"attacker.observation.shell"` |
|
||||
| `event_topic_for(primitive)` | Returns the full event bus topic string. |
|
||||
| `to_event_payload(obs)` | Serializes an `Observation` to a bus-ready `dict`. |
|
||||
| `from_event_payload(payload)` | Reconstructs an `Observation` from a bus payload. |
|
||||
|
||||
## Primitives
|
||||
|
||||
76 primitives across 9 categories. Each observation captures one measured value
|
||||
for one primitive over one time window. A behavioral profile is built by collecting
|
||||
many observations across many sessions.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### `motor.*` — Physical typing mechanics (9 primitives)
|
||||
|
||||
Motor primitives capture the physical mechanics of keyboard interaction: rhythm,
|
||||
precision, and habitual movements that are hard to fake and stable across sessions
|
||||
even when operators change tools or objectives. These are the closest BEHAVE comes
|
||||
to biometrics — they exploit the fact that typing style is unconscious and consistent.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `motor.keystroke_cadence` | categorical | Overall rhythm of key input. `steady` = metronomic confident typist. `bursty` = fast bursts with thinking pauses. `hunt_and_peck` = search-first-type. `machine` = mechanically regular, suggesting scripted input. |
|
||||
| `motor.motor_stability` | categorical | Consistency of key hold/flight times. `steady` = low variance. `variable` = high variance (cognitive load or unfamiliar keyboard). `tremor` = rhythmic instability distinct from load-induced variance. |
|
||||
| `motor.error_correction` | categorical | Response to typing mistakes. `immediate` = backspace within ~1s (automatic monitoring). `deferred` = corrects after reading output. `absent` = proceeds despite errors (scripted behavior). `route_around` = uses history or rewrites rather than backspacing. |
|
||||
| `motor.command_chunking` | categorical | Flow of command composition. `fluent` = typed in one pass from memory. `fragmented` = chunks with mid-command pauses (composing while typing). `single_command` = one complete command at a time, no inline pipelines. |
|
||||
| `motor.paste_burst_rate` | categorical | Frequency of large clipboard-paste events relative to typed input. `habitual` = primarily works by pasting pre-prepared blocks. |
|
||||
| `motor.input_modality` | categorical | Dominant input mode. `typed` = character-by-character. `pasted` = pre-prepared blocks. `mixed` = both substantially. |
|
||||
| `motor.shell_mastery.tab_completion` | categorical | Tab completion usage. `habitual` = operator relies on it constantly (inferred from short pause then rapid continuation). Strong indicator of shell familiarity. |
|
||||
| `motor.shell_mastery.shortcut_usage` | categorical | Use of shell shortcuts (Ctrl+R, Ctrl+A/E, Ctrl+L, Alt+.). `heavy` = deep shell muscle memory. |
|
||||
| `motor.shell_mastery.pipe_chaining_depth` | categorical | Maximum pipeline depth (cmd \| cmd \| cmd). `shallow` = 0-1 pipes. `deep` = 4+. Reflects tool-composition fluency. |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### `cognitive.*` — Decision-making and cognition (11 primitives)
|
||||
|
||||
Cognitive primitives capture how the operator thinks: their planning style, how they
|
||||
respond to uncertainty and failure, and whether their timing patterns are consistent
|
||||
with a human, a script, or an LLM agent. These are among the most attribution-relevant
|
||||
primitives — they're stable per-operator and hard to sustain as deliberate deception.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `cognitive.cognitive_load` | categorical | Inferred mental workload from timing, error rate, and inter-command variance. `high` = long pauses, frequent error-retry cycles, fragmented chunking. Composite feature for downstream attribution. |
|
||||
| `cognitive.exploration_style` | categorical | Navigation style in unfamiliar environments. `methodical` = systematic enumeration (ls→cat→id→uname). `chaotic` = non-sequential jumps. `targeted` = straight to objective without exploring. |
|
||||
| `cognitive.planning_depth` | categorical | Whether the operator works from a pre-formed plan. `deep` = visible logical sequence (recon→pivot→exfil). `shallow` = opportunistic. `reactive` = responds only to errors. |
|
||||
| `cognitive.tool_vocabulary` | categorical | Breadth of tools used. `narrow` = fixed small toolset. `broad` = reaches for the best tool per subtask. |
|
||||
| `cognitive.inter_command_latency_class` | categorical | Time between commands. `instant` (<200ms), `typing_speed` (200ms-2s), `deliberate` (2s), `llm_lightweight` (2-8s, small model agent), `llm_heavyweight` (8-30s, reasoning-class agent), `long` (>30s, human-supervised LLM). |
|
||||
| `cognitive.inter_command_consistency` | categorical | Dispersion of inter-command pauses. `metronomic` = LLM-pure. `variable` = human. `bimodal` = LLM-assisted human (LLM-paced bursts + human thinking gaps). |
|
||||
| `cognitive.command_branch_diversity` | categorical | Content-based script vs. adaptive discriminator. `linear_playbook` = low first-token repetition (each step uses a different tool). `adaptive_branching` = high repetition of the same tool with varying arguments (operator following a thread). |
|
||||
| `cognitive.feedback_loop_engagement` | categorical | Whether pace correlates with output volume. `closed_loop` = pause grows with preceding output (reading before continuing). `fire_and_forget` = paces independently of output (scripted or unread). Cuts across the LLM/human axis. |
|
||||
| `cognitive.error_resilience.retry_tactic` | categorical | Response to command failure. `rerun` = identical retry. `modify` = adjusts before retrying. `switch` = tries a different tool. `abort` = gives up on objective. |
|
||||
| `cognitive.error_resilience.frustration_typing` | categorical | Speed/error spike immediately after failure. `high` = sharp burst post-failure. Strong human indicator; absent in scripts. |
|
||||
| `cognitive.error_resilience.fallback_to_man` | categorical | Whether the operator invokes `man`/`--help` when stuck. `present` signals unfamiliarity with the specific tool. |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### `temporal.*` — Session timing and lifecycle (7 primitives)
|
||||
|
||||
When and how long an operator works. These signals are stable per-campaign and
|
||||
hard to fake consistently across many sessions, because they reflect biological and
|
||||
social rhythms (sleep, work hours, habits) rather than conscious technical choices.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `temporal.session_timing` | categorical | Hour-of-day distribution. `diurnal` = business-hours peaks. `nocturnal` = late-night peaks. `irregular` = no discernible daily pattern. Requires a known timezone from `cultural.*` to interpret. |
|
||||
| `temporal.session_duration` | categorical | Typical session length. `short` <15min, `medium` 15-90min, `long` 90min-4hr, `marathon` >4hr. Stable per-operator characteristic. |
|
||||
| `temporal.escalation_pattern` | categorical | Activity intensity across a session. `sustained` = constant rate. `bursty` = concentrated activity then silence (waiting for long-running processes). `erratic` = unpredictable spikes. |
|
||||
| `temporal.persistence` | categorical | Cross-session return behavior. `hit_and_run` = few sessions then disappears. `return_visitor` = periodic return. `resident` = near-continuous presence. |
|
||||
| `temporal.lifecycle_markers.landing_ritual` | categorical | Whether a recognizable start-of-session sequence is detected (whoami → id → uname → hostname → ip addr). `present` = fingerprinted checklist habit. |
|
||||
| `temporal.lifecycle_markers.exit_behavior` | categorical | Session end pattern. `graceful` = explicit logout. `abrupt` = dropped connection. `cleanup` = deletes logs/tools before exiting — strongest opsec signal in this category. |
|
||||
| `temporal.lifecycle_markers.idle_periodicity` | categorical | Whether in-session idle gaps (>30s) are statistically periodic or random. `periodic` = heartbeat-like — may indicate an LLM polling loop, an automated keepalive, or a human following a timed workflow. |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### `operational.*` — Mission and opsec (4 primitives)
|
||||
|
||||
Operational primitives are coarser inferences from command patterns — what the
|
||||
operator is trying to accomplish and how carefully they're hiding their footprint.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `operational.opsec_discipline` | categorical | Forensic footprint management. `careful` = history disabled, tools removed, proxy/VPN confirmed. `careless` = no precautions. `learning` = inconsistent and improving mid-campaign. |
|
||||
| `operational.cleanup_behavior` | categorical | Artifact handling at session end. `thorough` = removes tools, temp files, bash history. `partial` = removes some but misses others. `none` = leaves everything. |
|
||||
| `operational.objective` | categorical | Inferred mission from command patterns: `recon`, `exfil`, `persistence`, `lateral` (pivoting), `destructive`. |
|
||||
| `operational.multi_actor_indicators` | categorical | Signs of multiple operators. `handoff_detected` = detectable style break mid-session. `team_coordinated` = multiple signatures interleaved or simultaneous. |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### `environmental.*` — Physical and software context (5 primitives)
|
||||
|
||||
Environmental primitives describe where the operator works from. Stable per-campaign;
|
||||
often reveals national origin or infrastructure choices.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `environmental.keyboard_layout` | categorical | Inferred layout from characteristic key-sequence errors. An AZERTY-trained typist on QWERTY makes specific substitutions (q↔a, z↔w, m→,) that are statistically distinguishable from random errors. Reliable when error volume is sufficient (>50 errors). |
|
||||
| `environmental.locale` | free_string | BCP-47 tag (e.g. `en-US`, `pt-BR`). Inferred from layout, cultural timing, and command-line encoding artifacts. Free string — locale is not a closed enum. |
|
||||
| `environmental.numpad_usage` | categorical | Numeric keypad use inferred from keycode patterns. `detected` signals a desktop keyboard. |
|
||||
| `environmental.terminal_multiplexer` | categorical | Presence of tmux/screen, inferred from escape sequences (Ctrl+B / Ctrl+A prefixes) and window-switching patterns. |
|
||||
| `environmental.shell_type` | categorical | Shell environment inferred from syntax (array syntax, quoting style, builtin names). `powershell`/`cmd.exe` immediately flags a Windows-native operator. |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### `cultural.*` — Social and biological rhythms (5 primitives)
|
||||
|
||||
Cultural primitives exploit the fact that human work patterns are shaped by local
|
||||
time, religion, and social convention. These signals are hard to sustain as deliberate
|
||||
deception across a long campaign because they reflect unconscious biological rhythms.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `cultural.meal_break_gaps` | categorical | Whether activity gaps align with regional meal times (`morning`, `midday`, `evening`, `late_night`). Requires a known timezone to interpret. |
|
||||
| `cultural.periodic_micro_pauses` | categorical | Short rhythmic pauses of 5-15 min recurring at consistent intervals. May correspond to Salah prayer times (5 daily, spaced ~2-3hr), smoke breaks, or other cultural micro-rituals. `regular_intervals_detected` rejects the null hypothesis of random pauses at p<0.05. |
|
||||
| `cultural.dst_behavior` | categorical | Whether the operator's active hours shift by 1 hour at DST transitions. `shifts_with_dst` = follows local civil time. `anchored_to_utc` = schedule is clock-fixed (automated infrastructure or deliberate counter-analysis). |
|
||||
| `cultural.weekend_cadence` | categorical | Which two-day block is low-activity. `fri_sat` = Middle Eastern/Israeli pattern. `sat_sun` = Western/East Asian. Reliable national-origin signal across multiple weeks. |
|
||||
| `cultural.holiday_gaps` | categorical | Whether multi-day inactivity gaps align with public holiday calendars. Requires a multi-session corpus spanning calendar events. |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### `emotional_valence.*` — Affective state (4 primitives)
|
||||
|
||||
Emotional valence primitives infer affective state from **typing dynamics** — pace,
|
||||
error rate, and key-input aggression. BEHAVE-SHELL is content-blind; these
|
||||
observations are derived entirely from timing and motor signals, not from what
|
||||
was typed.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `emotional_valence.valence` | categorical | Overall affective tone: `positive` (fluent, low-error), `neutral`, `negative` (error-heavy, erratic). Coarse aggregate; see `arousal` and `stress_response` for finer breakdown. |
|
||||
| `emotional_valence.arousal` | categorical | Activation level. `low_calm` = slow deliberate pace. `high_agitated` = fast error-prone bursts. Orthogonal to valence — a calm script and a calm professional are both `low_calm`. |
|
||||
| `emotional_valence.stress_response` | categorical | Whether high arousal is positive (`eustress_positive` = speed-up with low error rate, operator in the zone) or negative (`distress_negative` = speed-up with rising errors, panic). |
|
||||
| `emotional_valence.frustration_venting` | categorical | Transient outburst signal: sudden speed spike or rapid backspace/delete bursts after command failures. Absent in scripted runs; strong human indicator. |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### `toolchain.*` — Infrastructure fingerprints (19 primitives)
|
||||
|
||||
Toolchain primitives fingerprint the software stack the operator uses, from TLS
|
||||
handshake parameters to SSH key exchange preferences to C2 beaconing behavior.
|
||||
Even fully encrypted traffic leaves structural fingerprints that identify specific
|
||||
tools, libraries, and operator configurations.
|
||||
|
||||
#### `toolchain.tls.*` — TLS fingerprints (6)
|
||||
|
||||
TLS fingerprints identify the client and server stacks by their handshake parameters.
|
||||
Each tool, library, and OS produces recognizable fingerprints even when the payload
|
||||
is encrypted.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `toolchain.tls.ja3_client` | hash | MD5 hash of TLS ClientHello parameters (SSLVersion, Ciphers, Extensions, EllipticCurves, EllipticCurvePointFormats). Salesforce, 2017. Each tool stack (curl, Metasploit, Cobalt Strike) produces a distinct hash. Searchable against databases like ja3er.com. `[DRAFT — verify]` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.tls.ja3s_server` | hash | MD5 hash of TLS ServerHello (SSLVersion, Cipher, Extensions). Fingerprints the server stack — useful for identifying C2 servers by TLS response even when IPs rotate. `[DRAFT — verify]` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.tls.ja4_client` | hash | FoxIO JA4 (2023): human-readable format (e.g. `t13d1516h2_8daaf6152771_e5627efa2ab1`) robust to TLS extension order randomization. Encodes TLS version, cipher count, extension count, ALPN, cipher hash, extension hash. Preferred over JA3 for new sensors. `[DRAFT — verify]` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.tls.ja4s_server` | hash | JA4 server-side: fingerprints ServerHello using chosen cipher, extension list, and ALPN. More stable than JA3S when cipher ordering is randomized server-side. `[DRAFT — verify]` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.tls.jarm_server` | hash | 62-char JARM hash (Salesforce, 2020). Actively probes the server with 10 crafted ClientHellos and hashes the responses. Reliably detects Cobalt Strike, Metasploit, and major C2 frameworks even with custom certificates. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.tls.tls_cert_simhash` | hash | SHA-256 hex of the leaf certificate DER bytes. Tracks a specific certificate across infrastructure — useful for correlating C2 that reuses self-signed certs. |
|
||||
|
||||
#### `toolchain.transport.*` — Network stack fingerprints (3)
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `toolchain.transport.tcp_stack` | free_string | p0f OS label (e.g. `Linux 5.x`). Inferred from TCP header quirks (TTL, window size, options order, DF bit). Identifies the connecting OS before any application protocol is visible. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.transport.h2_akamai_fingerprint` | free_string | HTTP/2 SETTINGS + priority + pseudo-header order hash. Different HTTP/2 libraries emit distinct SETTINGS combinations (curl vs. Python requests vs. Go net/http). `status: planned` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.transport.quic_client` | free_string | QUIC initial packet fingerprint from transport parameters and connection ID length. `status: planned` |
|
||||
|
||||
#### `toolchain.ssh.*` — SSH fingerprints (4)
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `toolchain.ssh.hassh_client` | hash | MD5 hash of SSH client KEX parameters (kex_algorithms, encryption_algorithms, mac_algorithms, compression_algorithms). Salesforce, 2018. Each SSH library (OpenSSH, PuTTY, Paramiko, Impacket) produces a distinct HASSH. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.ssh.hassh_server` | hash | MD5 hash of SSH server KEX parameters. Fingerprints the SSH daemon — detects honeypots, implants, or non-standard servers. `status: partial` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.ssh.ssh_client_banner` | free_string | RFC 4253 protocol version string (e.g. `SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_8.9p1 Ubuntu-3ubuntu0.6`). Often unmodified even in offensive tooling. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.ssh.kex_algorithm_order` | array[free_string] | Ordered KEX algorithm list from the SSH ClientHello. Different clients (OpenSSH, PuTTY, Impacket smbexec) advertise distinct orderings — secondary fingerprint beyond HASSH. `[DRAFT — verify]` |
|
||||
|
||||
#### `toolchain.http.*` — HTTP fingerprints (3)
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `toolchain.http.user_agent_tool_class` | categorical | Tool class from User-Agent and HTTP behavior. Known offensive tools use default or absent User-Agents. Values: `nmap_nse`, `sqlmap`, `nuclei`, `masscan`, `curl`, `metasploit`, `ffuf`, `gobuster`, `feroxbuster`, `nikto`, `wpscan`, `evilwinrm`, `impacket`, `unknown`. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.http.header_order_fingerprint` | free_string | Hash of HTTP request header name order. Different libraries emit distinct sequences. `status: planned` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.http.body_oddities` | array[free_string] | Anomalous body characteristics (e.g. `multipart_boundary_static`, `json_key_order_fixed`). `status: planned` |
|
||||
|
||||
#### `toolchain.c2.*` — C2 beaconing (6)
|
||||
|
||||
C2 primitives characterize implant beaconing behavior. Even fully encrypted C2
|
||||
traffic leaves timing and structural fingerprints.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `toolchain.c2.beacon_family` | categorical | C2 framework identified from traffic fingerprints: `cobalt_strike`, `sliver`, `havoc`, `mythic`, `merlin` *(planned)*, `brc4` *(planned)*, `nighthawk` *(planned)*, `unknown`. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.c2.beacon_interval_ms` | numeric | Median IAT between callbacks, in milliseconds. Cobalt Strike default is 60000ms. Very short intervals (<1000ms) suggest an interactive shell, not a beacon. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.c2.beacon_jitter_cv` | numeric | Coefficient of variation (std/mean) of beacon IATs. Higher CV = more randomized jitter. Cobalt Strike default jitter is 0% (CV≈0); operators who understand detection set it to 20-50%. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.c2.sleep_skew` | categorical | Jitter type applied to sleep intervals. `none` = fixed (detectable). `gaussian` = normally distributed. `uniform` = flat random range. `walk` = random-walk drift. `status: partial` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.c2.c2_callback_endpoint` | free_string | URL or `host:port` of the C2 callback endpoint. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.c2.attack_software_id` | free_string | MITRE ATT&CK Software ID (e.g. `S0154` for Cobalt Strike). |
|
||||
|
||||
#### `toolchain.protocol_abuse.*` — Protocol abuse (6)
|
||||
|
||||
Non-standard or offensive use of standard protocols.
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `toolchain.protocol_abuse.dns_exfil_tool` | categorical | DNS tunneling tool. `iodine` = base32-encoded data in subdomains with TYPE NULL queries. `dnscat2` = TYPE TXT queries with specific entropy patterns. `custom_high_entropy` = tunneling-consistent but no known-tool match. `status: planned` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.protocol_abuse.smb_dialect` | categorical | SMB dialect negotiated by the client. SMB1 in 2024+ is a strong indicator of legacy tooling or deliberate EternalBlue-era downgrade. `status: planned` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.protocol_abuse.kerberos_etype_offer` | hash | Hash of the Kerberos AS-REQ etype list. Clients offering RC4-HMAC (etype 23) alongside modern etypes are candidates for Kerberoasting (Rubeus, Impacket GetUserSPNs). `status: planned [DRAFT — verify]` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.protocol_abuse.ldap_bind_pattern` | categorical | LDAP bind mechanism. `simple` = cleartext (immediately suspicious). `sasl_gssapi` = Kerberos-backed (normal). `ntlm`, `ntlmssp_v1`, `responder_like` = NTLM and Responder-class MITM. `status: partial` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.protocol_abuse.responder_signature` | free_string | Responder detection. Convention: `'false'` or `'true:llmnr'` / `'true:nbtns'` / `'true:mdns'`. Responder poisons LLMNR/NBNS/mDNS broadcasts to capture Net-NTLMv2 hashes. `status: planned` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.protocol_abuse.mitm6_signature` | bool | Whether mitm6 activity is detected. mitm6 abuses IPv6 router advertisement on IPv4-only networks to hijack DNS and enable credential relay attacks. `status: planned` |
|
||||
|
||||
#### `toolchain.payload.*` — Payload analysis (3)
|
||||
|
||||
| Primitive | Kind | Description |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| `toolchain.payload.payload_simhash` | hash | 64-bit SimHash of the payload binary/shellcode. Preserves near-duplicate relationships: payloads that are 90% similar have low Hamming distance (<4 bits on 64-bit), enabling family clustering despite minor obfuscation. 16-char hex. |
|
||||
| `toolchain.payload.payload_entropy_class` | categorical | Shannon entropy of payload bytes. `packed` >7.2 bits/byte (UPX, encrypted shellcode, base64-compressed). `high` 6.5-7.2 (unencrypted compiled code). `low` <5.5 (scripts, plaintext). `status: planned` |
|
||||
| `toolchain.payload.loader_family` | categorical | Shellcode/loader family from structural signatures. `donut` = Donut framework (TheWover), converts .NET/PE to PIC shellcode. `sgn` = Shikata-Ga-Nai XOR encoder (Metasploit), recognizable feedback register pattern. `pe2sh` = PE-to-shellcode. `nimcrypt` = Nim-based loader with AES-encrypted payload. `status: planned` |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Schema
|
||||
|
||||
Machine-readable JSON Schema for the observation envelope:
|
||||
[`json/observation.schema.json`](json/observation.schema.json)
|
||||
|
||||
Regenerate after model changes:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
python scripts/generate_schema.py
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Tests
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pytest tests/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Attribution recipes
|
||||
|
||||
[`attribution-recipes.md`](attribution-recipes.md) — out-of-scope reference document
|
||||
describing how an external attribution engine might consume `attacker.observation.shell.*`
|
||||
topics to build operator profiles. Not part of the BEHAVE spec.
|
||||
|
||||
## License
|
||||
|
||||
Code and schemas: [GPL-3.0-or-later](../LICENSE)
|
||||
Spec prose (this file, attribution-recipes.md): [CC-BY-SA-4.0](../LICENSE.docs)
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user